Author Archives: Ann Barnhardt

Barnhardt Podcast #202: Failing An Open-Book Test

 

[Direct link to the MP3 file]

In this landmark episode, Ann and Mark “Ed McMahon” Docherty debate the validity of Supernerd’s putative abdication of the ministry of the production of the Barnhardt Podcast, thus becoming the Producer Ahm-ah-RAH-tus, necessitating that Ann assume the Barnhardt Podcast Production See HERSELF, lest the Sede be Vacante. Expect production quality of the Barnhardt Podcast to revert to AM-radio-via-cellphone-whilst-driving-down-the-interstate-in-a-convertible quality levels for the foreseeable. We then do a general catch-up and rumination on the vomitous surrender cry of the men of the post-Christian west, “But there’s nothing we can doooooooooooo….” Our Lord only gives open-book tests at roughly the first grade level, and yet, somehow, the Remnant Church is managing to fail. Spectacularly. In all seriousness, if you are moved to cruise over to SupernerdMedia.com and thank Supernerd for his seven years of hard work and top-notch skills with a donation, that would be absolutely wonderful, and would warm all of our hearts..

Links, Reading, and Video:

Supernerd Media.
SOTI.blog (Website and Podcast of Fr. Isaac Mary Relyea)
The No Agenda Show
John C. Dvorak
Evil has made Victoria Nuland really ugly.
Touchme Fagnandez thinks showing off his manbewbs and spare tire es molto caliente.  

Feedback: the email address for the podcast is [email protected].

The Infant Jesus of Prague handles Ann’s financial stuff. Click image for details. [If you have a recurring donation set up and need to cancel for whatever reason – don’t hesitate to do so!]

Apparently today is “International Women’s Day” or some such nonsense, which means that I’m morally obliged to repost my essay on the terminal societal cancer that is women’s suffrage.

(Notes for after the war, Gentlemen. -AB ’24.)

“Anyone who knows anything of history knows that great social changes are impossible without feminine upheaval. Social progress can be measured exactly by the social position of the fair sex, the ugly ones included.”
-Karl Marx

Do you know when things really started to go – literally – to hell in this country? When women were given the right to vote separate and apart from their husbands. What a disaster. This is when the war against marriage and the family began in earnest – and it has taken less than 100 years for both institutions to be almost completely destroyed. And it all started with the damn suffrage, specifically the 19th Amendment in the United States.

Here’s the deal. Up until women’s suffrage, a man was the head of his marriage and his household, and his vote represented not just himself but his entire family, including his wife and his children. When men voted, they were conscious of the fact that they were voting not just for themselves and their own personal interests, but they were also charged with the responsibility of discerning and making the ultimate decision about what was in the best interests of their entire family. Wow. Isn’t that nuts? Men being . . . responsible?

As soon as the 19th amendment was passed, men were effectively castrated, and in many, many cases disenfranchised by their wives. No longer was the man the head of the household. No longer was he responsible for his wife. Now the wife was a “co-husband” at best, or a flat-out adversary at worst. The notion of a man making the final decision about what was best for his wife and family per his God-given vocation as husband and father was now over. Now all he was good for was bringing home the bacon – but even that wouldn’t last.

Women are made with a healthy, innate desire to be provided for and protected. I know this because I am a woman, despite the pair of enormous brass balls I have to carry around. Those are merely an anomaly.  Back to the point, women want someone or someTHING to take care of them. For this reason, women tend to lean socialist, and are generally in favor of the expansion of government when the government promises to “provide” for them.

If you have read me for any length of time you could probably write this next paragraph yourself. Satan has used this healthy feminine dynamic, perverted by suffrage, to systematically replace men with the government as the providers in society. A woman no longer has any need of a man. Marriage no longer serves any practical purpose. A woman can whore around and have as many fatherless children as she pleases, and Pimp Daddy Government will always be there to provide. Men have learned well from this, too. Men can also horndog it up to their groin’s content knowing that the government will take care of their “women” and raise their children for them. Fathering children no longer binds a man to a woman in any way. Men didn’t vote to societally castrate themselves, and never would have. No – in order for this system to have come about, women’s suffrage was an absolute necessity. Women themselves voted the system into place which objectifies and devalues both them AND their children.

Next, the issue of disenfranchisement. I believe that the 19th amendment actually DISenfranchised more people than it enfranchised. Many, many married couples quickly found themselves voting against one another. The man would tend to vote for the more conservative platform, and the woman would vote for the more socialist platform. When this happened, the effective result was the nullification of BOTH individuals’ votes. What this did was massively reduce the voting influence of the married household, and magnify the voting influence of the unmarried – and the unmarried tend to be younger, and thus more stupid, and thus vote for big government. It was all part of the plan, kids. All part of the plan.

Those dishes aren't going to wash themselves, Girls.

Those dishes aren’t going to wash themselves, Girls.

I’ve probably ticked even one or two of you conservatives off with this post. Here is the question I would ask you: Why? Why are you ticked off? If you’re a woman, the reason you are ticked off is because you put yourself and your desire to assert your will above the well-being of society in general. I don’t feel that way. I would give up my vote in a HEARTBEAT if it meant that right-ordered marriage, family and sexuality were restored to our culture. I would rather that little girls today grow up in a world where they did not have the so-called “right” (voting is NOT a right) to vote, but were treated with dignity and respect, were addressed as “ma’am”, had doors held for her, and wherein men stood up when she entered the room. I would rather she be courted properly and then marry a man who would never, ever leave her, and would consider it his sacred duty and honor to protect and provide for her and their children because he LOVED them. Oh, HELL yes. I’ll give up my vote in exchange for that any day of the week and twice on Sunday. Why wouldn’t you?

For you men who don’t like my position, you’re just a slave to political correctness and feminist (read: LESBIAN) wokism. It’s the same thing as the rap music. No one will criticize rap music because it is forbidden by the P.C. woke culture to criticize a non-white cultural phenomenon. To do so is “rayciss”. It’s the same with this. The P.C. woke culture has convinced you that if you criticize anything that has to do with women or the feminine culture that you must be a Taliban or a “fascist”. Don’t fall for that garbage. That manipulation is why sixty-five million babies have been murdered in this country over the last fifty years. Men knew that abortion was murder, but they punted on it and eventually legalized it because they didn’t want to be accused of being “misogynistic”. Filthy cowards.

So there you go. Print it, save it, PDF it. Because I acknowledge the objective reality and massively disordered consequences of female suffrage, am able to see beyond my own immediate self-interests on the matter, and have the stones to say it all publicly, I am permanently disqualified from . . . pretty much everything outside self-employment.

What a world.

Should not have the privilege to vote.👆🏻

Victoria Nuland: compelling evidence that being evil makes you physically ugly. UPDATED with anagrams!

I’m shocked by this. I don’t think I’ve ever seen such a radical physical transformation that didn’t involve meth or heroin. Just pure evil.

Behold: the architect of the biolabs in Ukraine.

https://www.peoplesworld.org/article/after-months-of-denial-u-s-admits-to-running-ukraine-biolabs/

BONUS ANAGRAMS OF “VICTORIA NULAND”:

“I run action, Vlad.”

“I, in a cauldron-vat”

“NATO crud in vial”

“Invalid NATO cur”

McCarthy and Khrushchev were both right. Lee Greenwood remains unavailable for comment.

“The reason why we find ourselves in a position of impotency is not because the enemy has sent men to invade our shores, but rather because of the traitorous actions of those who have had all the benefits that the wealthiest nation on earth has had to offer — the finest homes, the finest college educations, and the finest jobs in Government we can give.” – “Enemies from Within,” Joseph McCarthy, ARSH 1950


“I can prophecy that your grandchildren in America will live under socialism — Our firm conviction is that sooner or later Capitalism will give way to Socialism. Whether you like it or not, history is on our side. We will bury you.

We do not have to invade the United States, we will destroy you from within.

-Nikita Khrushchev

You’re next, Lee Greenwood.

UPDATED: Church Militant already toast. Total cessation of operations happened on February 29th. Well… bye.

Apparently Church Militant is already totally defunct as of February 29th after being found liable for defamation. Diabolical narcissists, something something, self-sabotage, something something….

https://www.ncregister.com/cna/church-militant-to-shut-down-following-500-000-defamation-lawsuit-brought-by-priest

I think we’ve all learned a lesson here. When a guy has been an ex-gay out of the hardcore gay bar scene for a matter of WEEKS, maybe it’s not wise to trail off after him as the great white hope of the Remnant Church. Oh, and if he sets up shop in the gayborhood of a major metropolitan area… run like hell. Literally. Like hell is after you. Because that was exactly the situation.

Hey, I didn’t read Voris as a sodomite initially either. I paid for him to speak in Denver in early ARSH 2012 on … God help us … masculinity. So I’m totally guilty of being duped too. BUT, thank God the truth is out and the trainwreck is over. Let’s pray for everyone who followed Church Militant and reverted or converted partially due to CM’s educational content, which was quite good for neophytes early on in the Real Catholic TV days. Let’s pray that the scandal and spiraling implosion doesn’t scandalize anyone out of Holy Mother Church. As Our Lord said:

Woe to the world because of scandals. For it must needs be that scandals come: but nevertheless woe to that man by whom the scandal cometh.
Vae mundo a scandalis! Necesse est enim ut veniant scandala : verumtamen vae homini illi, per quem scandalum venit.

Not that Curly Bill Brocius was any sort of role model, but…

Well… bye.

NON-CONTINGENT LOVE and TURNING THE OTHER CHEEK

Have you ever loved someone who hates you?

If you haven’t, or don’t, then you’re missing out on one of the greatest graces in the earthly human experience. I’m not sure how one could even begin to understand Christ Crucified if they have never shared in the foundation of His Passion, what I will henceforth call “non-contingent love”. To look upon a crucifix is to look upon Love, but not just reciprocal love as most people experience it: I love you, but ONLY IF you love me back. If you don’t return my love, then I will stop loving you.

That is NOT love. That is egoism, in all of its narcissistic glory. And yes, here is where Ayn Rand’s “rational self-interest” gets smashed to dust and why her little world is every bit as disordered and doomed to failure as the Marxist world.

Let’s go through examples that everyone can easily relate to. First, the love of parents for children. Infants do not love. Infants are completely self-centered and are incapable of self-sacrifice for another. They are totally, completely dependent on others for their survival, and are incapable of feeling or showing gratitude, and beyond that will keep the people who provide for their survival up all night with no thought for their reciprocal well-being. Any yet… parents love their children. Grown adults in their prime feel such profound love for these screaming little poo factories that they would without hesitation die in order to save the lives of their children who as of yet do NOT reciprocate their love. This is a form of non-contingent love.

Even as children grow older and become adults and fall into drugs and crime and perversion, some of whom viciously betray their parents in the process, most parents report that a wounded yet unshakable love always persists. They can never, ever truly hate or be completely indifferent to their children, no matter how horrific the childrens’ descent and betrayal may be. Sadly, many children are put on the path to ruin by parents who do indeed inordinately desire reciprocal love from their children and thus do not properly form and discipline the children in their formative years.

Now you might be wondering how this could possibly apply to marriage. How could spousal love NOT be contingent upon reciprocity? Isn’t reciprocal love the point in marriage? Not according to the vows. Proper, traditional marriage vows actually STRESS non-contingent love between spouses. For better or for worse, for richer or for poorer, in sickness and in health, ’til death do us part.

If your spouse comes down with Alzheimer’s Disease and in the early-to-mid stages becomes cruel and hateful toward you (as is not uncommon among Alzheimer’s patients), do you stop loving them? Once your spouse is incapable of returning your love due to some physical limitation does your love for them then automatically evanesce? The answer should be “no”. “Divorcing” a stricken spouse is, of course, morally illicit and betrays the deeply flawed nature of the love between the two when both were in full health.

I heard a very moving anecdote once about a traditional Catholic woman who was stuck in a Novus Ordo parish with, naturally, an extremely poorly educated priest. As is sadly common these days, the woman’s husband left her out of the blue after 30 years of marriage and took up with another woman. This woman’s parish priest urged this lady to get an annullment and join the parish’s “mature singles” club and “move on”. This was the woman’s reply:

“Father, I am still married and will be married until the day either I or my husband die. Just because my husband has chosen to not honor our perfectly valid marriage vows and no longer loves me does not alter the validity and permanence of those vows or my love for him. Just because my husband has chosen to commit adultery within our marriage, this does not void our marriage and certainly does not give me some imagined “right” to also commit adultery. I am Mrs. John Q. Smith, Father, and I would appreciate it if you would kindly remember that.”

Pow. While reciprocity in marital love is certainly a wonderful thing, even marital love should NOT be contingent upon reciprocity.

And this brings us to the true manifestation of caritas (charity, or love) in the world. We must love people in TRUTH and in HONESTY, not allowing our desire for our love to be reciprocated to prevent us from loving in ways that appear or seem “unkind”. If your toddler child is about to drink from a bottle of drain cleaner, do you not lunge at the child, yelling, and then smack the bottle out of the child’s hand – even though the child will speciously perceive your actions to be “mean” or even “violent” and then cry in anger at your reaction, which was borne completely on love?

In the same way, do we not tell the drug addict, the sodomite, the transvestite, or anyone else engaging in physically and/or spiritually lethal behavior that what they are doing is wrong and it is imperative that they stop even if that admonition means a reduction or elimination of their esteem for us? How is their reciprocal esteem for us even relevant at that point?

True, non-contingent love yields honesty.
False, narcissistic love is a seedbed of lies and manipulations.

We cannot properly understand Christ’s admonition to “turn the other cheeck” unless we understand non-contingent love. “Turn the other cheek” does not mean that we must allow evil and lies to run unchecked. “Turn the other cheek” does not mean commit de facto suicide before stating harsh truths, and this includes imposing justice, which is itself a fully-enclosed subset of Truth.

“Turn the other cheek” means that we do and say what we must in true charity, and then KEEP LOVING even when our love is returned with a blow, be it physical or emotional. Have you ever seen a young child get angry with his parent who has taken something dangerous away from him, to the point of kicking or hitting his parent?  What did the parent do?  The parent took the blows from the angry child, but continued to keep the dangerous item away from the child, because surrendering the dangerous item back to the child in order to appease it and stop the blows would be an act of profound evil.

An emotional blow can be either in the form of hatred, or in the form of indifference, which is the pure opposite of charity, remember. The point is, the more you love someone in truth, the more likely it is in this fallen world, and particularly this day and age, that your love will NOT be reciprocated, and then *THE MORE YOU MUST LOVE THEM* with no expectation or demand that they ever love you back.

Given all of this, consider our current political and social system. Is our culture not totally contingent upon reciprocal esteem and quid pro quos? Is not every word and every action measured by the amount of popularity it generates or maintains, with power and wealth coming behind as corollaries? Is the need to be “liked” not central to most people’s existence? No one will do the right thing or stand up for the truth because to do so would mean scorn and ridicule, followed by loss of wealth and property, and THAT is the worst possible outcome according to this horrifically perverted culture.

Oh, it hurts. It hurts, it hurts, it hurts. It hurts when your beloved is indifferent toward or hates you. But think of how Christ feels, and then realize that YOU are the one who callously and maliciously refuses to return His love with every sin and every ingratitude. Then realize that He still burns with unquenchable love for you, and use that realization to turn around and love others without requiring or demanding reciprocity.

He told us. Repeatedly. He told us that we would be hated by the world. He told us that we would be persecuted, both in macro contexts and in little ways in our individual day-to-day lives. And then He showed us by dying for us at our own hand, never for a second depriving any of us of our freedom to choose our own actions or whether or not to love Him. Only tyrants demand reciprocal “love”, which is no love at all, and is at its core, extremely cowardly and selfish. Be brave. Love. Ferociously. And when your love is not reciprocated, persevere, love more. That’s how you know it’s genuine.

The Mocking of Christ, Gerrit van Honthorst, ca. ARSH 1617 The Mocking of Christ, Gerrit van Honthorst, ca. ARSH 1617

Repost by necessity: Letter From an Absentee Father to His Children

{The preface below was written in ARSH 2022 before Pope Benedict died. -AB ’24}


(This is a repost by request from ARSH 2017. If we truly love Pope Benedict, we must pray for him unceasingly and do everything we can to encourage someone to go to him and TELL him, NOT ask him, that his attempted partial resignation was completely invalid before he dies. Blowing smoke up his cassock and telling ourselves the lie that he is playing 5-D underwater chess and dealing in some “code” is false, and will only result in terrible scandal to the pious faithful, AND is an act of horrific indifference and lack of charity towards the Holy Father himself to NOT acknowledge the truth of this situation. Charity proceeds from truth, not the other way around. Effeminate sentimentality is precisely the vice and error that has caused the collapse of the Christian West and enabled the Antichurch to rise. -AB ’22)


Dear Children,

It has been over nine years since I abandoned you and declared myself your “father emeritus”, but I wanted to write this letter to you in the hopes that it would console you.  As I said when I was walking out the door, I have not ceased to be your father, I have just chosen to only be your father in the passive, contemplative, inactive, absentee sense. After all, who is to say how many “fathers” a child can have?  What’s important is not who is or is not your father, but rather what fatherhood MEANS.  Fatherhood for me means withdrawing from the active duties of fatherhood while maintaining the spiritual aspect, and in doing this, stepping aside and making way for another man to become your “active father”.  In doing this, I have expanded fatherhood, thus permanently transforming fatherhood into a collegial, synodal, shared ministry. At least, that is what I tell myself.

I want you to know that I am fully aware that since I abandoned Your Mother and all of you, that a raging psychopath calling himself your “active father”  has moved into your house and is now raping and beating Your Mother before your eyes on a daily basis. I am also aware that he is beating you, emotionally abusing you, poisoning you, and is exposing you to his cabal of friends, almost all of whom are sodomites/boy rapists.

I want you to know that I am aware of this, and assure you of my closeness to you in prayer.  I hope this consoles you.

Further, I want you to know that things are going to get much, much worse.  Don’t ask me how I know this.  Let’s just say that when I was still your Active Father, I … was made privy to certain… secrets.

The psychopath and his sodomite/boy raping friends are going to rape and beat Your Mother so badly that it will literally require a supernatural miracle to save her life.  She will not die, but she will be raped and beaten unto death.  All of this will be done before your very eyes.  In fact, the psychopath and his sodomite gang will luxuriate in the fact that you, the children, will see this happen.

As for you, my dear, dear children, many of you will not survive this.  You will be beaten, berated, poisoned and some of you will also be raped.  For many of you, this abuse and terror will be so intense that you will abandon Your Mother and commit de facto suicide.  Others of you will turn into exactly the same kind of psychopathic monsters as your “active father” and his gang.  The only promise I can make to you is that at least ONE of you will survive.  It is possible that ALL BUT ONE of you, my children, will be lost.

But take heart!  I am aware of what is happening to you, and I am close to you in prayer.

Now, you may be wondering why it is that I don’t call the police, notify someone, or take any action against the psychopath that is raping and beating Your Mother, and trying as hard as he can to kill all of you.

This is rather difficult to explain, and even more difficult to write, but I will try to explain it simply.  You see, while I am completely responsible for abandoning you, I am also largely responsible for creating the psychopath that is now calling himself your “active father”, all of his sodomite/boy raping gang, and the entire matrix within which they subsist.

In order for me to help you, I would have to admit that not only did I make a terrible, terrible mistake – in fact, in Law it is called a “SUBSTANTIAL ERROR”, but I would also have to admit that my entire adult life, going back at least 60+ years now, was built upon a completely erroneous and false worldview even down to the level of metaphysics.  While I would never do the things that the psychopath who calls himself your “active father” is doing to Your Mother or to any of you children, I did work very hard years ago to create the environment of which he and his gang are a direct product.  And then, (eleven) years ago, I ran away to be your “father emeritus” and left the door standing wide open, and the psychopath and his gang walked into Our Family Home, and began their program of systematic destruction, rape and murder.

Now, kids, I love you, but I’m sure you understand that I simply cannot admit to any of these mistakes, no matter how glaringly obvious they are, and no matter how badly all of you and Your Mother are hurt by them.  To say that my entire adult life and work has been not just merely erroneous, but has been, quite possibly, the most catastrophic thing ever to happen to Our Family is simply impossible.  No one could expect me to humiliate myself like that, and nothing is worth that kind of humiliation.  Nothing.  I’m sure you all understand the position I am in.  This is why I can’t say anything, much less call the police or alert any of your uncles.  Not that alerting your uncles would help – there are only a handful left that aren’t in the psychopath’s gang, and all of your good uncles are effeminate and no good in a fight anyway. Very much like me.

I hope that while Your Mother is being raped and beaten unto death, and you yourselves are picked-off one by one, that you will be consoled knowing that I have been saved any public humiliation, and, I repeat, that I am fully aware of what is happening to you, and that I am close to you in prayer.

My advice is, appease the psychopath that calls himself your “active father”, and maybe he will kill you last. That’s what I am going to do.

Pray for me, and be consoled by my awareness of what is happening to you and my closeness to you in prayer-

Your “Contemplative Father Emeritus” (at least that’s what I call myself)

Pope Benedict XVI Ratzinger, the one and only living Pope, whether he liked it or not, from April ARSH 2005 until his death on December 31, ARSH 2022. Pray for the repose of his soul..

Eleven years ago today, Pope Benedict went on a short helicopter ride, and that’s all.

Eleven years ago today I was in Rome. I went to St. Peter’s Square in the late afternoon, sat down on the south side of the Colonnade and prayed the Rosary. At 5pm the sound of the helicopter a few yards to the west, inside the Vatican, starting up and then ascending, began. Pope Benedict then flew directly overhead and away, on his way to the Papal summer residence a few miles south of Rome. It was moving. I admit that my eyes moistened. Little did I know at the time the horrific enormity of what was happening. I had been present at the “final audience” the day before, but not speaking Italian, I didn’t understand what he had said, namely that he was only quitting “the ministry of the active governance of the Church”, but remaining “within the enclosure of St. Peter.”

In other words, not validly resigning. Not even close. Not even in the same galactic cluster as validly resigning.

Then, after Mass, I returned to St. Peter’s Square thinking that the tolling of the bells at 8:00pm would signify the See being vacant.

As it turned out, the bells tolling at 8:00pm signified… that it was 8:00pm. And nothing more.

When Nixon resigned the Office of the Presidency, he didn’t go to Camp David, hang out for a couple of weeks, and then move back into a different wing of the White House.

It bears repeating as these concepts get more and more traction and start to sink in as Antipope Bergoglio and his criminal cabal of sodomites, Freemasons and satanists wage total war on Jesus Christ and His Holy Catholic Church:

An OFFICE (MUNUS in Latin) imparts a state of being, which is why the verb used when speaking of an OFFICE is the verb “to be”:

Pope Benedict is, but now since 12/31/2022, was the Pope.

Jorge Bergoglio is not now, never was, and never will be the Pope.
Nixon was the President.
When King Charles dies, William will be the King.

A MINISTRY is a derivative aspect of an OFFICE.  The various ministries/administrative acts proceed from the OFFICE.  The MINISTRIES are contingent on the OFFICE, but the OFFICE is not contingent upon any MINISTRY.  This is why a man in a coma, unable to perform any ministry or administrative act (like Pope JPII, or President Reagan, after being shot) does not lose his OFFICE.  When speaking of ministries/administrative acts, action verbs are used:

The Pope teaches.
The Pope judges.
The Pope legislates.
The Pope presides.
The President commands the Armed Forces.
The Sheriff enforces the law.

It is 100% false to say that the words “Office (MUNUS)” and “Ministry (MINISTERIUM)” are synonyms.  Because these words address completely different categories, namely the category of BEING SOMETHING versus the category of DOING SOMETHING, there is absolutely, positively no way that they can be synonyms, most especially in Canon Law – and a veritable mountain of written evidence demonstrates this.

Pope Benedict XVI Ratzinger did not resign the OFFICE, he resigned the ACTIVE MINISTRY OF THE GOVERNANCE OF THE CHURCH, which means, according to Canon Law, which is the arbiter of this question, backed by Jesus Christ Himself (and what you shall bind on earth shall be bound in heaven….) that his resignation was INVALID.  Thus, Pope Benedict XVI was and remaind the one and only living Pope from his election in April ARSH 2005 until his death on the morning of December 31, ARSH 2022, these 424 days ago as this is being written, whether he liked it or not.

Thus there was no conclave in March of ARSH 2013, Bergoglio is an Antipope, a usurper, and a criminal. Nothing more.  All evidence, visual, logical and dogmatic, clearly points to this.  Because the Church is VISIBLE, and God is perfectly good and faithful, and His Providence always reflects this.  

OFFICE = BEING SOMETHING
MINISTRY = DOING SOMETHING

So, happy 11th anniversary of NOTHING ACTUALLY HAPPENING.

Given the events of the past decade-plus, and the fact that Pope Benedict died without having publicly rectified anything, this video is almost vomitous to watch. Pray for the repose of the soul of Pope Benedict Ratzinger. His Particular Judgment must have been… harrowing.